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Câu hỏi: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well-managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas, we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
(Adapted from https://www.zurich.com)
The word “profound” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. right
B. meaningful
C. deep
D. severe
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad by itself. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well-managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas, we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
(Adapted from https://www.zurich.com)
The word “profound” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. right
B. meaningful
C. deep
D. severe
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Từ “profound” trong đoạn 3 gần nghĩa nhất với _______.
Ta có: profound (a): sâu sắc
Xét các đáp án:
A. right (a): đúng
B. meaningful (a): có ý nghĩa
C. deep (a): sâu sắc
D. severe (a): nghiêm trọng
Từ đồng nghĩa: profound (a): sâu sắc = C. deep (a): sâu sắc
Thông tin: While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease.
Tạm dịch: Mặc dù nhiều lợi ích của các thành phố có tổ chức và hiệu quả đã được hiểu rõ, nhưng chúng ta cần nhận ra rằng quá trình đô thị hóa nhanh chóng, thường không có kế hoạch này mang đến những rủi ro về bất ổn xã hội sâu sắc, rủi ro đối với cơ sở hạ tầng quan trọng, khủng hoảng nước tiềm ẩn và khả năng lây lan dịch bệnh tàn khốc.
Dựa vào nghĩa, đáp án đúng là C
Giải thích:
Từ “profound” trong đoạn 3 gần nghĩa nhất với _______.
Ta có: profound (a): sâu sắc
Xét các đáp án:
A. right (a): đúng
B. meaningful (a): có ý nghĩa
C. deep (a): sâu sắc
D. severe (a): nghiêm trọng
Từ đồng nghĩa: profound (a): sâu sắc = C. deep (a): sâu sắc
Thông tin: While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease.
Tạm dịch: Mặc dù nhiều lợi ích của các thành phố có tổ chức và hiệu quả đã được hiểu rõ, nhưng chúng ta cần nhận ra rằng quá trình đô thị hóa nhanh chóng, thường không có kế hoạch này mang đến những rủi ro về bất ổn xã hội sâu sắc, rủi ro đối với cơ sở hạ tầng quan trọng, khủng hoảng nước tiềm ẩn và khả năng lây lan dịch bệnh tàn khốc.
Dựa vào nghĩa, đáp án đúng là C
Đáp án C.